Protibis cookies increase the weight and the appetite of malnourished elderly.
The pleasure to eat a solid snack, the confort reduced diarrhea and pressure ulcer.
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Abstract
This multicentric randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the impact of a solid dietary supplement (DS) on weight gain of institutionalized elderly >70 with protein-energy malnutrition.
The innovation of these high protein-high energy cookies was to regain the pleasure to eat thanks to the texture adapted to edentulous patients (Protibis®, France).
All participants received the standard institutional diet, including eventual dairy DS. Intervention group received 8 cookies daily (10.7 g of protein, 224.6 kcal) for 6 weeks. Weight increased in comparison to Control group without cookies supplementation (n=82 vs 72: +1.6 % vs -0.7 %, p=0.038). Weight gain persisted 1-month (+3.0 % vs -0.2 %, p=0.025) and 3-month later (+3.9 % vs -0.9 %, p=0.0034), with a reduction of diarrhea (p=0.027). There was a synergistic effect with liquid/creamy dietary supplements.
Subgroup analysis confirmed the impact cookies supplementation alone on weight (p=0.024), appetite increase (p=0.009) and reduction of pressure ulcers (p=0.031). After a 3-month survey, only 1 % of patients in Intervention group suffered from diarrhea, compared to 8 % in the Control group.
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Introduction
Oral health alterations worsen the risk of malnutrition. We assayed a new Dietary Supplement (DS) with an innovative solid texture. This DM can be crunched and chewed even by elderly people suffering from a poor oral health (Galettes Protibis®, Solidages, France). This DM is presented as small butter cookies enriched with milk proteins (casein).
Objective of the study
To evaluate the impact of a 6-week period of cookies consumption on the weight gain of 200 malnourished elderly, living in 7 nursing homes.
Participants follow-up: 5 & 1/2 months.
Method
This multicentric controlled randomized trial aimed to compare the Intervention group (with Protibis cookies) vs Control group (no cookies supplementation). The study was designed with 5 visits (week w-4, w0, w6, w10 and w18).
All participants received the standard institution diet, including eventual home made sweets enriched in proteins or liquid/creamy DS (“dairy DS”). Intervention group received 8 cookies daily (11.5 g of protein, 244 kcal) for 6 weeks (from w0 to w6).
Inclusion criteria: elderly people >70 living in institution.
Main evaluation criteria: % of weight variation (weight in kg).
Secondary evaluatin criteria: appetite scored from 0 to 10 on a Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), pressure ulcer and diarrhea episodes (in % of patients with a current episode).
Comparison of quantitative data (χ² or Fischer’s test) et qualitative data (Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney’s test) was realized by a statistician blind to group randomization. Significance was accepted at 5 % (SPSS 18, Windows).
Results
This study was realized from January, 2009 to May, 2013. A total of 196 subjects were eligible , 184 randomized and 154 analyzed (Cookies group: 82 subjects; Control Group: 72 subjects). Subjects excluded: weight measure impossible because asthenia and/or pressure ulcer.
No side effect was attributed to Protibis cookies. Both group were similar at baseline: 86 years + 7; 75 % women ; Mini Mental Score 18.1 + 8.3/30; Groupe Iso Ressource 2.8 + 1.3/6; Mini Nutritional Assessment® 14.6 + 4.5/30 ; IMC 19.2 kg/m² + 2.9; albuminemia 34.9 g/L + 4.5.
Oral health was altered:
The consumption of Protibis cookies resulted in weight gain (+1.6 % vs – 0.7 %; p= 0.038), persistent 1 month and 3 months later (respectively +3.0 % vs -0.2 %; p=0.025 and +3.9 % vs -0.9 %; p=0.0034). Similarly, appetite increased with cookies consumption (+0.44 vs +0.15), and this effect persisted 1 month and 3 months later (respectively +0.61 vs +0.20 and +0.78 vs +0.19).
In both groups, there was a similar evolution as regards: death (8.6 %), falls (0.4+ 0.9 per resident), fractures (0.06 + 0.29), number of infection episodes (0.3 + 1.0) and number of antibiotic days (1.0 + 3.4). However, there were less pressure ulcer episodes after cookies consumption (from 23.9 % to 8.0 %; p=0.001), but not in the Control group (from 15.3 % to 6.9 %; p=0.11). A the end of the study, there were less diarrhea episodes in the Cookies group than in the Control group (1.1 % vs 8.0 %; p=0.027).
Fig. 2 to 5: analysis in 4 sub-groups, from w0 to w18, showed weight gain (p=0.024) and an appetite increase (p=0.009) related to cookies alone with a daily supplement of 8 cookies/d and 10.7 g of protein/d. There was also a reduction of pressure ulcer episodes from w0 to w6 (17.1 % to 2.5 %;p=0.031), from w0 to w10 (16.7 % to 2.3 %; p=0.031) and from w0 to 18 (no pressure ulcer). In the subgroup “Dairy DS + Protibis cookies”, there was a reduction of pressure ulcer episodes too, which was nearly significant from w0 to w6 (37.1 % to 17.1%; p=0.065) and significant from w0 to 10 (35.5 % to 8.8 %; p=0.012).
Despite patients having not been randomized for dairy DS, however, these results tend to show a synergy between dairy DM and Protibis cookies.
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Conclusions
Références
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